Block diagram of computer

A computer is a programmable device that stores, retrieves, and processes data.

The computer is a super-intelligent electronic device that can perform tasks, process information, and store data. It takes the data as an input and processes that data and produces the output. A computer is like a personal assistant that follows instructions to get things done quickly and accurately.

 

Input device-

The input unit or device helps us to give instructions to the computer. These components can receive information directly from the user to command other devices. Many input devices perform specific functions depending on the type of input required to accomplish that particular task. Examples of input devices are a keyboard, mouse, joystick, etc.

• Keyboard: It consists of many keys, which we use to type any instruction. It helps us put commands on the computer system to perform our specific tasks. The device acts as a unit that allows the entire system to note the inputs implemented by the user.
• Mouse: Another commonly used input device acts as the computer's pointing and clicking device. It has a scrolling wheel to scroll on display and has some buttons for specific selection purposes.
• Joystick: This is an input device used primarily to give commands for the gaming process performed by the computer. We use this device to manage video games because it usually has more pushbuttons.

 

Output device-

Output units are hardware devices attached to the computer that help the computer system interact with the user or other connected devices. It sends the processed data from the computer to the peripheral devices as per given commands. Most computer data output is in the form of audio and video. Thus, most of the output devices used by humans fall into these categories.

Some of the commonly used output devices are as follows:

• Monitor: A monitor is a hardware device that can efficiently display the data processed by the computer in a graphical output form. From monochrome monitors to color monitors and now coming to the latest LED/LCD; Thus, the technology for designing displays evolved.
• Speaker: Speaker is one of the most common output hardware devices used with computer systems to play the audio output generated by the sound card.
• Printer: A computer printer is an external hardware output device that can transfer electronic data from the computer to a hard copy; It can print text and graphics on paper or print 3D objects in the case of 3D printers.

CPU-

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is a processor, a primary component that performs most of the processing operations in a computer. It performs arithmetic, logic, and other operations to convert data inputs into more helpful information outputs and hence is also called the computer's brain.

It consists of three components: Memory Unit, Arithmetic & Logical Unit, and Control Unit.

• Memory Unit: This unit typically stores the processed data received from the input devices, providing the necessary space for managing computational activities.
• Arithmetic & Logical Unit: It is the major component of the CPU that deals with the appropriate operations and logical functions. In collaboration with other units, like any other device in the computer system, it uses the input data from the input device using the memory units for performing numerous jobs to obtain a faultless outcome.
• Control Unit: It is the major part of the Central Processing Unit. It receives input data from input devices and accomplishes the processed data in a controlled format under instructions provided by system operators.

 

 

Memory-

The raw data from the Input unit is saved in the Storage Unit. It is the place where the data that is to be processed and processed data is stored. The Storage Unit is further classified into two parts.

• Primary Storage
• Secondary Storage

Primary Storage

This storage is also known as the main memory of the computer system. This part of the storage unit holds the data, programs, and instructions that are currently in use. This storage part resides in the motherboard. Primary storage contains the ROM and RAM of the computer system.

Secondary Storage

It is a non-volatile and permanent data storage device. It is the place where the data is stored for a short or a long time. The secondary storage supports the primary storage. This device is also known as the hard drive of the computer. It is primarily used as a backup device.